The rise, financing, and recent battlefield setbacks of ISIS’s Puntland affiliate reveal a weakened but persistent threat.  The Islamic State in Somalia (ISS), a jihadist group based in Puntland, emerged in 2015 as a splinter from al-Shabaab. Initially underestimated, it capitalized on clan ties, smuggling routes, and regional instability to carve out a role within … Continue reading ISIS in Somalia: The Rise, Fall, and Lingering Threat of a Coastal Caliphate