Disagreements over troop allocations prompt Burundi to end its 17-year involvement in Somalia’s security operations.
Burundi, a cornerstone of African Union peacekeeping efforts in Somalia for nearly two decades, has announced its withdrawal from the newly formed African Union Support Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM). This decision underscores the complex dynamics of regional cooperation and the evolving security landscape in Somalia, which has long depended on international peacekeepers to combat al-Shabaab and stabilize its fragile institutions.
At the height of AMISOM operations, Burundi contributed thousands of troops, playing a pivotal role in reclaiming territories from al-Shabaab. Its forces were lauded for their resilience and sacrifices, a legacy acknowledged by Somalia’s Foreign Minister Ahmed Moalim Fiqi, who described their contribution as “etched in history.” However, disagreements over the structure and scope of AUSSOM’s leaner framework have prompted Burundi’s exit.
AUSSOM, set to deploy 12,626 personnel, reflects a strategic shift toward Somali-led security operations, supported by international partners. The mission emphasizes counterterrorism, stabilization, and humanitarian assistance but also introduces a hybrid funding model that has drawn scrutiny. Burundi’s concerns reportedly center on its reduced role in AUSSOM, which it sees as limiting its influence and contributions to the mission’s objectives.
The withdrawal comes amid broader regional tensions. Ethiopia’s role in AUSSOM remains uncertain, complicated by disputes with Somalia over territorial integrity and port access agreements with Somaliland. While Turkey’s Ankara Declaration sought to mediate these tensions, recent clashes in Jubaland and allegations of Ethiopian arms smuggling have deepened mistrust.
For Somalia, transitioning from a reliance on international peacekeepers to autonomous security operations represents both an opportunity and a challenge. The Somali government has secured bilateral agreements to deploy 11,000 troops under AUSSOM, aiming to prevent security vacuums. However, logistical and financial constraints, exacerbated by regional rivalries, threaten to undermine these efforts.
The exit of Burundi and the uncertain participation of Ethiopia highlight the fragility of regional alliances in the Horn of Africa. As al-Shabaab continues to mount attacks, the success of AUSSOM depends on maintaining cohesion among contributing nations and leveraging international partnerships.
Burundi’s departure signals a critical juncture for Somalia and the African Union. Balancing sovereignty with effective counterterrorism efforts will require deft diplomacy and a renewed commitment from all stakeholders. Without this, the fragile gains made in Somalia risk unraveling, threatening the stability of the region as a whole.
