Uncover Turkey’s five main areas of interest in Africa, from defense agreements and energy exploration to construction projects and cultural diplomacy, under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s leadership.
Turkey, under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has been strategically expanding its influence in Africa, aiming to establish itself as a major player on the continent. Over the past two decades, Ankara has significantly increased its diplomatic presence, quadrupling its number of embassies across Africa. This week, Turkey announced plans to search for oil and gas off Somalia, underscoring its growing economic ambitions. Here are five key areas where Turkey is making its mark in Africa:
As many African nations distance themselves from their former colonial powers, Turkey has been quick to present itself as a viable alternative. Erdogan’s administration emphasizes the “sincerity” of its engagement compared to European countries, which are often viewed through the lens of their colonial past. According to Selin Gucum, an expert on Turkish interests in Africa, Erdogan’s government does not impose conditions related to governance or human rights, a stark contrast to Western nations. This pragmatic approach has allowed Turkey to forge partnerships with a variety of African states, regardless of their political or human rights records.
Turkey’s defense agreements span across the African continent, involving countries like Somalia, Libya, Kenya, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Ghana. These agreements have opened lucrative contracts for Turkish defense manufacturers, particularly in the drone sector. Turkish drones, known for their reliability and affordability, have been deployed in several African countries, including Chad, Togo, and the Sahel region’s junta-led states of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. These drones are primarily used in anti-terrorism operations, enhancing Turkey’s reputation as a key security partner.
Turkey is also deeply invested in Africa’s energy sector. Later this year, Ankara plans to commence oil and gas exploration off the coast of Somalia, mirroring its activities in Libyan waters. Additionally, Turkey has shown interest in Niger’s uranium reserves, essential for its upcoming Russian-built Akkuyu nuclear power plant, despite official denials. Erdogan has strengthened ties with Niger’s new rulers following their 2023 coup, highlighting Turkey’s strategic interest in the region’s resources. This week, Niger hosted Turkey’s intelligence chief and ministers of foreign affairs, energy, and defense.
Turkey has established itself as a reliable partner in construction and infrastructure development across Africa. Turkish firms are known for completing large-scale projects like hospitals, airports, and mosques on time and within budget. This reliability has driven demand, with Turkish contractors participating in $85.5 billion worth of projects in 2023 alone. Turkish Airlines further cements Ankara’s presence by servicing 62 destinations across Africa, having been the first airline to resume flights to Mogadishu after rebuilding its airport with Turkish assistance.
Turkey wields significant soft power in Africa through religious, educational, and media initiatives. The Turkish Maarif Foundation runs 140 schools across the continent, educating 17,000 students, while 60,000 Africans study in Turkey. The Directorate of Religious Affairs actively supports humanitarian efforts, mosque construction, and religious education. Turkish television also extends its cultural reach. NRT, Turkey’s first TV channel dedicated to Africa, broadcasts in 49 countries, promoting Turkish language and culture. TRT, Turkey’s public broadcaster, airs programs in French, English, Swahili, and Hausa, and is developing journalist training programs.
Turkey’s multifaceted approach to Africa, combining pragmatic diplomacy with economic and cultural engagement, is reshaping its role on the continent. As Ankara continues to pursue its interests, it positions itself as a significant player, offering an alternative to Western influence and strengthening its strategic foothold in Africa.
